Let’s take a look at the different stages, but before we do, keep in
mind that these stages are generalizations – each dog will progress at
its own pace.
Stage 1: The Transitional Stage 2-3 Weeks
The Transitional stage generally lasts from age two to three weeks, and it’s during this time that your puppy’s eyes will open, and he’ll slowly start to respond to light and movement and sounds around him. He’ll become a little more mobile during this period, trying to get his feet underneath him and crawling around in the box (or wherever home is.) He’ll start to recognize mom and his littermates, and any objects you might place in the box.
Stage 2: The Almost Ready To Meet The World Stage 3-4 Weeks
The Almost ready to meet the world stage lasts from 3 to about 4 weeks,
and your puppy undergoes rapid sensory development during this time. Fully
alert to his environment, he’ll begin to recognize you and other family
members. It’s best to avoid loud noises or sudden changes during this period
– negative events can
have a serious impact on his personality and development right now.
Puppies learn how to be a dog during this time, so it’s essential that
they stay with mom and littermates.
Stage 3: The Overlap Stage 4-7 Weeks
From 3-4 weeks your puppy begins the most critical social development period of his life – he learns social interaction with his littermates, learns how to play and learns bite inhibition.
He’ll also learn discipline at this point – Mom will begin weaning the
pups around this time, and will start teaching them basic manners, including
accepting her as the leader of the pack.
You can begin to introduce food to the pups starting around the 4th
week – transition gradually as Mom weans them. Continue handling the pups
daily, but don’t separate them from either Mom or litter mates for more
than about 10 minutes per day. Puppies that are removed from the nest too
early frequently are nervous,
more prone to barking and biting and have a more difficult time with
socialization and training. Puppies need to be left with Mom and siblings
until at least 7 weeks of age - and preferably a little longer - for optimum
social development. Experts say that the best time in a puppy’s life to
learn social skills is between 3 and 16 weeks of age – that’s the window
of opportunity you have to make sure your puppy grows up to be a well-adjusted
dog. It’s extremely important to leave your puppy with Mom and his littermates
during as much of this period as possible. Don’t discipline for play fighting,
housebreaking mistakes or mouthing – that’s all normal behavior for a puppy
at this stage.
Stage 4: The “I’m Afraid of Everything” Stage 8 Weeks to 3 Months
The “I’m Afraid of Everything” Stage lasts from about 8 weeks to 3 months,
and is characterized by rapid learning as well as a “fearful period” that
usually pops up at around 8 to 10 weeks.
Not all dogs experience this, but most do, and they’ll appear terrified
over things that they took in stride before. This is not a good time to
engage in harsh discipline (not that you ever should anyway!), loud voices
or traumatic events. At this time your puppy’s bladder and bowels are starting
to come under much better control, and he’s capable of sleeping through
the night.
(At last, you can get some rest!) You can begin teaching simple commands
like: come, sit, stay, down, etc. Leash training can begin. It’s important
not to isolate your puppy from human contact at this time, as he’ll continue
to learn behaviors and manners that will affect him in later years.
Stage 5: The Juvenile Stage 3 Months to 4 Months
The Juvenile stage typically lasts from 3 to 4 months of age, and it’s during this time your puppy is most like a toddler. He’ll be a little more independent - he might start ignoring the commands he’s only recently learned – just like a child does when they’re trying to exert their new-found independence. As in “I don’t have to listen to you!” Firm and gentle reinforcement of commands and training is what’s required here. He might start biting you – play biting or even a real attempt to challenge your authority. A sharp “No!” or “No bite!” command, followed by several minutes of ignoring him, should take care of this problem. Continue to play with him and handle him on a daily basis, but don’t play games like tug of war or wrestling with him. He may perceive tug of war as a game of dominance – especially if he wins. And wrestling is another game that can rapidly get out of hand. As your puppy’s strength grows, he’s going to want to play-fight to see who’s stronger – even if you win, the message your puppy receives is that it’s ok to fight with you. And that’s not ok!
Stage 6: The Brat Stage 4-6 Months
The Brat Stage starts at about 4 months and runs until about 6 months, and it’s during this time your puppy will demonstrate even more independence and willfulness. You may see a decline in his urge to please you – expect to see more “testing the limits” type of behaviors. He’ll be going through a teething cycle during this time, and will also be looking for things to chew on to relieve the pain and pressure. Frozen doggie bones can help sooth him during this period.
He may try to assert his new “dominance” over other family members, especially children. Continue his training in obedience and basic commands, but make sure to never let him off his leash during this time unless you’re in a confined area. Many times pups at this age will ignore commands to return or come to their owners, which can be a dangerous, even fatal, breakdown in your dog’s response to you. If you turn him loose in a public place, and he bolts, the chances of injury or even death can result – so don’t take the chance.
He’ll now begin to go through the hormonal changes brought about by
his growing sexual maturity, and you may see signs of rebelliousness. (Think
adolescent teen-age boy!) If you haven’t already, you should have him neutered
during this time. (Or spayed if you have a female.)
Stage 7: The Young Adult Stage 6-18 Months
The Young Adulthood stage lasts from 6 months to about 18 months, and is usually a great time in your dog’s life - he’s young, he’s exuberant, he’s full of beans – and yet he’s learning all the things he needs to become a full-fledged adult dog.
Be realistic in your expectations of your dog at this time – just because
he’s approaching his full growth and may look like an adult, he’s not as
seasoned and experienced as you might expect.
Gradually increase the scope of activities for your dog, as well as
the training. You can start more advanced training during this period,
such as herding or agility training, if that’s something both of you are
interested in. Otherwise, extend his activities to include more people
and other animals – allow him to interact with non-threatening or non-aggressive
dogs.
Congratulations! You’ve raised your puppy through the 7 stages of childhood, er, I mean puppyhood, and now you have a grown-up, adult dog! Almost feels like you’ve raised a kid, doesn’t it?